Democrats Speaks

Pelosi discusses Making Work Pay Tax Cut

noreply@blogger.com (Trentonian) — Wed, 01 Apr 2009 17:27:00 +0000

Washington, D.C – Speaker Nancy Pelosi issued the following statement today on the Making Work Pay tax credit, which goes into effect tomorrow. The tax cut, in which most working families will receive $800 a year through reduced payroll deductions, is part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act that Congress passed and President Obama signed into law last month:“The Making Work Pay tax cut will put more money in workers’ paychecks each week, helping to jumpstart our economy and provide some much-needed relief to Americans who are having a difficult time making ends meet. Congress passed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act one month after President Obama took office, giving workers across the country one of the fastest tax cuts in our nation’s history.

“Putting more money directly into the hands of 95 percent of working Americans is only the beginning. This week, Congress will pass a budget blueprint for America that cuts taxes for middle-income Americans by $1.5 trillion, cuts the deficit by two-thirds, creates new jobs through investments in health care, clean energy and education, while cutting spending to its lowest level in a generation.

“With the Making Work Pay tax credit, President Obama and Congress have made clear that American families are at the top of our agenda.”

Corzine signs renewable energy bill

noreply@blogger.com (Trentonian) — Wed, 01 Apr 2009 17:17:00 +0000

TRENTON – Gov. Jon S. Corzine today signed into law three Assembly Democratic measures designed to improve energy efficiency, expand solar and wind energy production and promote solar energy usage in new homes.

The first bill (A-1558) sponsored by Assemblywomen Linda R. Greenstein, Bonnie Watson Coleman and Pamela R. Lampitt promotes the installation of solar energy panels in newly constructed homes.

“We can vastly improve the quality of life for all New Jersey families by encouraging investment in solar energy systems in all new houses,” said Greenstein (D-Middlesex/Mercer). “Sound public policy and environmentally responsible practices can come together to provide dividends for generations.”

The new law requires a developer of 25 or more residential units to offer to install a solar energy system when a prospective owner enters into negotiations, provided installation of such a system is technically feasible as determined by the Department of Community Affairs in consultation with the Board of Public Utilities.

“We must reduce our reliance on increasingly expensive fossil fuels by making use of renewable energy resources that can save consumers money and reduce the burden on our precious natural resources,” said Watson Coleman (D-Mercer). “By using solar energy for heat and electricity we can significantly decrease dangerous greenhouse gases emissions.”

“Promoting solar energy can not only save homeowners money on utility bills and protect the environment, but also will create ‘green jobs’ in the construction industry,” said Lampitt (D-Camden). “In addition to meeting our future energy needs, alternative energy can be a real economic drive.”

The second measure (A-2550) sponsored by Assembly members Lampitt, Upendra Chivukula, Connie Wagner, Valerie Vainieri Huttle, Nellie Pou Greenstein will permit wind and solar facilities in industrial zones. The new law defines renewable energy facilities as any facility that produces electric energy from solar technologies, photovoltaic technologies or wind energy.

“We need to stop looking at wind and solar power as novelties and start viewing them as a viable, homegrown energy industry that can create new jobs here in New Jersey,” said Lampitt. “Actively promoting the expansion of alternative energy can be a win for communities, a win for the economy and a win for the environment.”

“This is an environmentally smart way to reinvigorate our economy and save money through renewable energy," said Chivukula (D-Somerset). "It makes sense on many levels and positions New Jersey for a strong future."

“This will help reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and redevelop industrial zones struggling in this global economic recession,” said Wagner (D-Bergen). “It’s smart environmentally and fiscally.”
“New Jersey should be encouraging renewable energy as we look to position our state to emerge stronger from this global economic meltdown,” said Vainieri Huttle (D-Bergen). “This helps do just that, and is a sound approach that will has the potential to benefit generations to come.”
“Many industrial areas need our help, and this is a sensible way to accomplish that while promoting renewable energy that is clearly the wave of the future,” said Pou (D-Passaic). “This approach will create jobs, help us save money and set us up to thrive once this global meltdown is over.”

“This bill will help boost our economy, help struggling industrial neighborhoods and promote renewable energy that will help end our reliance on foreign oil,” said Greenstein. “It’s smart policy all the way around.”

The final measure (A-2507) will authorize BPU to use monies from the Retail Margin Fund to provide grants for combined heat and power production, energy efficiency projects and programs promoting renewable and efficient energy.

“This will help to drive down escalating energy bills burdening New Jersey ratepayers during the current economic crisis,” said Chivukula. “Energy efficient appliances, newer equipment, technical audits and plant expansions will help to reduce energy consumption by commercial and industrial entities. These savings will translate into reduced energy bills for New Jersey consumers while furthering the Governor’s Energy Master Plan.”

Holt: Central NJ receives $2.8M for Community Development

noreply@blogger.com (Trentonian) — Mon, 02 Mar 2009 21:01:00 +0000

WASHINGTION, D.C. - U.S. Representative Rush Holt (NJ-12) today announced that Central New Jersey will receive $2. 8 million in federal community development funding as part of the recently enacted American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. The Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) Program enables local governments to undertake a wide range of activities intended to create economic opportunities, create suitable living environments, and provide decent affordable housing.

“This funding will support organizations desperately in need of money during this economic crisis,” Holt said. “The economic recovery bill invests in programs – like the CDBG - with a track record for creating jobs and spurring sustained economic growth.”

Holt announced the following recipients would receive CDBG funds:

Monmouth County - $810,000
Middlesex County - $523,500
Somerset County - $340,000
City of Trenton - $818,000
Ewing Township - $55,690
Franklin Township (Somerset) - $88,000
Middletown Township - $77,380
Old Bridge Township - $88,300
Additionally, the State of New Jersey was awarded $2 million in funding to be used at the discretion of Governor Corzine.

According to the Housing and Urban Development, CDBG funds may be used for activities which include, but are not limited to:

· rehabilitation of residential and non-residential structures;
· construction of public facilities and improvements, such as water and sewer facilities, streets, neighborhood centers, and the conversion of school buildings for eligible purposes;
· public services’
· activities relating to energy conservation and renewable energy resources; and
· economic development and job creation/retention activities.

Zachary Chester declares candidacy for Trenton City Council

noreply@blogger.com (Trentonian) — Tue, 17 Feb 2009 22:04:00 +0000

Today is a wonderful afternoon because it offers us a chance for new opportunities and possibilities. While times are challenging, we must be able to look ahead with hope and the idea of positive change.

Some of you know the story of my time here in the Capital City. I was born and raised here in Trenton. I lived in the Donnelly Homes housing project and was educated in and graduated from Trenton Public Schools. I left Trenton to attend college and was able to attain Bachelors and Masters degrees in Business. I chose to return to my hometown in 2000 and have since purchased a home.

My desire to become engaged in the city that I grew up in lead me to become involved in a number of volunteer endeavors including serving on the boards of Kidsbridge Children’s Museum and the National Junior Tennis League of Trenton. I formerly served on the boards of the Mercer Alliance to End Homelessness and Trenton’s West End Little League. Additionally, I am a proud Leadership Trenton Fellow, was the past president of the Trenton NAACP and currently serve as the president of Zeta Iota Lambda Trenton Chapter of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Incorporated.

In 2006, I served on a committee with other Trentonians in a successful effort to pass a stronger Pay-to-Play ordinance in the City of Trenton, which passed by referendum by a 2 to 1 margin. Clean and transparent government is the standard that I strongly believe in.

During the 2006 election season I worked with a group that organized the first Candidates Forums in a number of years in the City of Trenton. We felt it was important that citizens were able to hear directly from those who aspire to serve in elected office.

Some of you may know that I also do not hesitate to question and challenge our city officials, even if at times my inquiries may not be popular.

My very life is a testament that with a lot of hard work, plenty of support and a little bit of teamwork can lead to a vision for a better future. I hope to have the opportunity to bring that same energy and commitment to a new leadership role in holding elected office.

Today, I officially declare, in the presence of friends, family, colleagues and supporters, my candidacy for the office of West Ward Councilperson in 2010.

Among the issues I hope to focus on as a Councilperson in the City of Trenton are Economic Development, Crime & Public Safety, and Cadwalader Park.

Economic development is so important to the future of Trenton. With economic development comes job creation that offers the prospect for citizens to work where they live and to improve their lives in more ways than one.

Community policing strategies can both deter crime and improve relationships and interaction between police and the public. Community policing employs partnerships and problem-solving techniques to proactively address the underlying causes of crime.

Cadwalader Park is one of Trenton’s most notable natural resources. I can remember as a child coming to Cadwalader Park for birthday parties, family cookouts and summer activities. I hope to work with the Cadwalader Park Alliance, the National Junior Tennis League of Trenton, the Trenton Museum Society and other organizations that have a vested interest in the park to bring much needed resources.

This election is an opportunity to share my passion, commitment and vision for the City that I love and have so much hope for.

I look forward to having your support.

COLEMAN: Fisher A Great Friend to Farming Community

noreply@blogger.com (Trentonian) — Wed, 11 Feb 2009 00:06:00 +0000

TRENTON - Assembly Majority Leader Bonnie Watson Coleman (D-Mercer) released the following statement today on the appointment of Assemblyman Douglas H. Fisher as New Jersey Secretary of Agriculture:

"New Jersey's farming community and the Governor have made a tremendous decision in recommending Douglas H. Fisher as the state's new Secretary of Agriculture.
"Doug has always been a great friend to New Jersey's faming community.

>From protecting open space and farmland to promoting New Jersey farm
products to consistently defending and advocating for New Jersey farmers, he's always been there for this industry so important to our state and its heritage.

"With Doug leading the way at this key time, I look forward to seeing New Jersey's farming community prosper for generations to come."

On the Net:
www.assemblydems.com <http://www.assemblydems.com/>
www.youtube.com/user/njassemblydems
New Jersey Assembly Democrats on Facebook www.facebook.com/pages/Trenton-NJ/New-Jersey-Assembly-Democrats

Setting the Stimulus Bill Record Straight

noreply@blogger.com (Trentonian) — Tue, 10 Feb 2009 23:58:00 +0000

MYTH: Republicans claim their bill creates 6.2 million jobs
(The basis of these numbers, they claim, is a methodology established by Christina Romer, Chair of President Obama’s Council of Economic Advisers)

FACTS: New Economic Policy Institute study finds within two years –

· House Republican bill creates only 1.3 million jobs

· House-passed bill/Obama plan (HR 1) creates 3.7 million jobs

But don’t take our word for it:

Christina Romer, Chair of the President’s Council of Economic Advisers
“The Republican House analysis is flat wrong in its claim that the House Republican stimulus is more effective. No matter what your analytical assumptions, as long as they are consistent, the plan the President supports would result in substantially greater job creation than the House Republican plan.” [1/31/09]

Economic Policy Institute:
The House bill produces 1.2 million jobs—about 30% more than the Camp-Cantor bill—by the end of the first year, 3.7 million jobs—nearly three times the jobs in the Camp-Cantor bill—by the end of the second year… [2/10/09]

Center for American Progress:
Conservatives Distort Research to Claim They’ll Create 6.2 Million Jobs
“House Republicans proceeded to all vote against President Barack Obama’s American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. But in claiming support from Obama economic advisor Christina Romer, they misapplied her past work and ignored her more recent and relevant work…” [1/29/09]

Talking Points Memo:
GOP Claims to Create 6.2 Million Jobs With Their Stimulus -- Using Some Questionable Math
Ahead of last night's vote on the $819 billion House stimulus bill, which no Republican supported, House Minority Leader John Boehner (R-OH) frequently asserted that his party's alternative stimulus plan -- consisting largely of tax cuts -- would create 6.2 million jobs.

That sounds great. After all, it's double the 3 million jobs that the president aims to create or save. But where did the Republicans get that number? By drawing some fuzzy conclusions from a 2007 paper by Dr. Christina Romer, chair of Obama's Council of Economic Advisers… [1/29/09]

New Mexico Independent:
GOP Reps Claim Proposal Would Create 6.2 Million Jobs … But Would It?
…the Romer analysis used by the GOP never examined the effects of tax cuts on a deflationary economy — it looked at the effects of tax increases on the economy as a whole and found a negative effect of 2.2% - 3% on GDP.

The Republican analysis simply flipped those numbers to positive and applied them to the GOP-backed tax cuts, then multiplied the result by a broad job creation estimate used in a recent paper from Romer and Jared Bernstein, an economic adviser to the vice president. If you read the Republicans’ document, you can see the caution advised in assuming that 6.2 million jobs would be created by their plan.

In other words, they took an economic analysis of raising taxes, flipped the numbers and said that was what would happen if they instead cut taxes. [1/29/09]

Politico: Dems trying to put ill way away

noreply@blogger.com (Trentonian) — Mon, 09 Feb 2009 16:21:00 +0000

In an article by Manu Raju, Politico highlights the continued grudge match between Rep. Robert Andrews and Senator Frank R. Lautenberg.

In the cutthroat world of Jersey politics, grudges don’t die easily. Rep. Robert Andrews, who tried to oust Sen. Frank R. Lautenberg in the New Jersey Democratic primary last summer, hasn’t spoken to the senator since the Nov. 4 election.

The two say they’re willing to move on from the clash, but other members of New Jersey’s congressional delegation are still sore about Andrews’ unorthodox move to shake up the state’s Democratic Party hierarchy. During the primary, Garden State Democrats accused Andrews of breaking a commitment he made twice that he would support Lautenberg in the primary.

After he announced last April that he would challenge Lautenberg, Andrews ran an aggressive campaign that suggested that the senator, now 85, was too old for the job.

In interviews, several aides and lawmakers in the delegation acknowledge there hasn’t been enough time to heal the election year wounds. “It’s going to take some time to get over this because how do you know that his word is his word?” Rep. Bill Pascrell Jr. (D-N.J.) said of Andrews.

Andrews suffered a sharp backlash from the Democratic establishment, which along with Lautenberg pumped millions into the primary campaign. Lautenberg ultimately trounced Andrews in the bitter primary contest and later cruised to reelection in the Senate. After replacing his wife on the ballot, Andrews jumped back into the House race and won an 11th term in his South Jersey district.

Now, as the new Congress gets under way, Lautenberg, Andrews and the rest of the New Jersey clan are trying to put the ill will behind them. Lawmakers and aides dismiss talk that they are seeking revenge on Andrews and stress that the bad feelings have not hurt their ability to deliver collectively for the state. But Andrews’ political future in New Jersey politics is less certain. New Jersey experts say it’s unclear whether he’ll have the delegation’s support when he wants to climb the House ladder or pursue his political ambitions in the future.

“I happen to get along pretty well with Rob, but he knows how I feel about this,” Pascrell said. “And it’s going to take time. ... You need distance.”

“In politics, your word is really all that you have,” said one senior aide who works for a New Jersey lawmaker.

Another senior Democratic source, asking for anonymity to speak candidly, had sharp words for Andrews, accusing him of being untruthful and saying he has “alienated his colleagues” with his decision to challenge Lautenberg. “He has pretty much written the primer on what not to do with your political career,” the source said. Andrews defends his decision to run and told Politico his relationship with members of the delegation “is very good.”

Any differences between him and his colleagues remain on the campaign trail, he said. “People disagree in political campaigns sometimes — that’s politics,” Andrews said.

“I think they’re all good people and we work together in a lot of things and we’re going to do a lot for the state.” Lautenberg likewise said he’s willing to move on from the episode, saying, “You can’t walk around with your head turned backwards without bumping into the wall, and I don’t want to bump into the wall.” But he says he and Andrews “rarely work together.”

Pelosi: We Cannot Afford Delay on Recovery Package

noreply@blogger.com (Trentonian) — Sat, 07 Feb 2009 00:52:00 +0000

WASHINGTON, D.C. – Speaker Nancy Pelosi released the following statement on this morning’s jobs numbers. In January, American job losses totaled 598,000—the worst month of job losses since 1974 and the 13th straight month of job losses.

“This morning’s startling job loss numbers show why it is imperative that the Congress act immediately to pass the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act to stem the rising tide of unemployment and get Americans back to work. The economic recovery package will create and save more than 3 million jobs and put America back on more solid economic footing.

“With a record 3.6 million American jobs lost in just the last 13 months, we cannot afford to delay legislation that will create new jobs and invest in a stronger economy for years to come. We must complete the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act next week so that the President can sign this critical legislation into law.”

Pelosi: CBO Report Confirms Economic Recovery Act Provides Immediate Stimulus to Help Create Jobs

noreply@blogger.com (Trentonian) — Tue, 27 Jan 2009 17:12:00 +0000

WASHINGTON, D.C. – Speaker Nancy Pelosi issued the following statement tonight on a new report issued by the non-partisan Congressional Budget Office that analyzed the entire American Recovery and Reinvestment Act:

“The Congressional Budget Office’s first analysis of the entire House recovery bill makes clear that what experts have been saying all along: the American Renewal and Reinvestment Act provides immediate stimulus to help create jobs and makes long-term, targeted, and responsible investments to keep our nation’s economy growing for years to come.

“According to the CBO, about two-thirds of the plan’s recovery investments will come in the first 18 months after it is enacted. The House bill will create jobs, help end the recession sooner, provide tax relief to millions of Americans and make critical long-term investments to lay the foundation for a stronger economy.

“The American Renewal and Reinvestment Act’s ability to create and save 3 to 4 million jobs is the change the American people were promised and the pledge the House will make good on this week. The American people look forward to rapid action in Congress and to President Obama signing the bill into law so we can begin to move our economy in a New Direction.”

Poll: NJ gov's job approval rating up

noreply@blogger.com (Trentonian) — Tue, 20 Jan 2009 00:06:00 +0000

TRENTON (AP) — A new poll finds more New Jerseyans think Gov. Jon Corzine is doing OK as chief executive.

Forty-three percent of those responding to a Monmouth University/Gannett New Jersey poll out Friday say they approve of Corzine's job performance. Forty percent disapprove. That's the best showing for the Democratic governor in more than a year.

The poll indicates Republican former U.S. Attorney Chris Christie has the best early shot against Corzine in this year's election for governor, although Christie has yet to lay out his positions on most issues.

Christie is recognized by more Republican voters than any of the other GOP challengers. They are former Bogota Mayor Steve Lonegan, Assemblyman Rick Merkt and Franklin Township Mayor Brian Levine.

The telephone poll of 413 registered voters was conducted Jan. 12-14 and has a sampling error margin of plus or minus 4.8 percent.

On the Net:
www.monmouth.edu/polling

Palmer chairs task force on business franchising as a local development tool

noreply@blogger.com (Trentonian) — Mon, 19 Jan 2009 23:50:00 +0000

WASHINGTON, D.C. - Mayor Douglas H. Palmer today chaired the first U.S. Conference of Mayors task force on the franchise business economic outlook – and emphasized that industry leaders are cautiously optimistic about the prospect for franchises to succeed during economic recovery.

“The optimism is based on the underlying strength of the franchise business model,” Mayor Palmer said. “When you combine well-established brands, training, and support systems with the entrepreneurial spirit of people who are committed to successful franchises, there can be tremendous opportunities for success – even in times of economic uncertainty.”

The Mayor was joined by Vice President John Reynolds of the International Franchise Association (IFA) and M. Troy Flanagan, who directs government relations for that organization, in presenting a first-ever report to the U.S. Conference of Mayors.

Prepared by PricewaterhouseCoopers for the IFA Educational Foundation, the report provides forecasts for the number of establishments, employment, and economic output – the first national-level measurements of business format franchises.

Palmer Testifies Before Congressional Committee

noreply@blogger.com (Trentonian) — Fri, 16 Jan 2009 16:39:00 +0000

Trenton Mayor Douglas Palmer appeared before the U.S. House of Representatives committee on Energy Independence and Global Warning on Thursday, Jan. 15, 2009. The hearing was on "Green Jobs, Efficiency Opportunities in the Economic Stimulous Package: Creating Opportunities for All"

Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee, I am Douglas Palmer, Mayor of Trenton and
Past President of The United States Conference of Mayors. We thank you for this opportunity
to appear today on behalf of The U. S. Conference of Mayors, the national organization of the
nation’s mayors who represent the more than 1,100 U.S. cities with a population of 30,000 or
more.

On behalf of the nation’s mayors, we also want to express our appreciation to the Committee,
especially Chairman Markey and Ranking Member Sensenbrenner, for holding a field hearing
with mayors during the Conference’s Mayors Climate Protection Summit in Seattle,
Washington. At that time, I was pleased to participate in this hearing to discuss the mayors’
energy and climate efforts, most notably our call for enactment of the Energy Efficiency and
Conservation Block Grant (EECBG) Program, which is a top priority of the nation’s mayors for
the economic recovery package.

Immediately following your hearing, Congress enacted the EECBG program as part of the
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, thanks to your leadership, Mr. Chairman, and
that of the Members of this Committee and others throughout the Congress.

Since that time, the nation’s mayors through the Conference of Mayors, joined by the National
League of Cities and National Association of Counties, have spent many months urging
Congress to fund this program so we can accelerate our nation’s efforts, through communitybased investments and other initiatives, to grow green jobs and a greener economy. We strongly believe an EECBG funding commitment is most appropriate and timely for inclusion in the economic recovery plan that will soon be debated in this Congress.

Mr. Chairman, you asked for testimony today on these three priority concerns before the
Congress:

1. How has the recent economic downturn affected cities’ efforts to meet fiscal and
environmental goals?
2. Can a “green” economic recovery package create jobs and stimulate the economy
while also generating environmental benefits for localities?
3. How should stimulus funds between states and cities be allocated?

The reality at the local level is the economic downturn is having profound effects on our fiscal
and environmental goals.

We strongly believe, and there is evidence that supports this, that the economic recovery plan
can create jobs and stimulate the economy, while providing significant environmental benefits
for local areas.

And, by design, the EECBG program resolves questions about states versus localities by
offering a balanced approach to the distribution of funds between states and cities and
counties, building upon a proven federal delivery system that HUD has used for three decades
to assist local and state community development efforts.

Economic Downturn and Impacts on Local Fiscal & Environmental Goals
Mr. Chairman, our nation’s cities and their metro areas are the engines of our national
economy. Our 363 metro areas are home to 86% of U.S. employment, over 90% of wage
income and nearly 90% of our gross domestic product.

Therefore, without the economic recovery of our cities and metros, there can be no U.S.
recovery.

Unfortunately, our cities and these larger metro economies are facing the brunt of the current
economic downturn. This weekend, the Conference at its Winter Meeting will release a
forecast of metro unemployment for 2009, prepared by Global Insight.

The news will not be good. Almost all metros will see significant job declines in 2009, and an
amazing number of our metro economies will experience no employment gains for the decade.
With your permission, I would like to enter this report for the record of the hearing after its
release.

Couple this jobless picture with a significant loss in our tax base due to falling real estate
prices, and cities are left with almost no fiscal capacity to expand existing … or start new …
initiatives on climate protection, energy efficiency and energy independence, areas that are
absolutely essential to building a competitive economy for the future.

One statistic bears this out. In 2008 alone, we estimate that home values will have dropped
8.8% or $1.73 trillion. This unprecedented decline, coming after years of steady growth in real
estate values, has been especially disruptive to cities and other local government finances.
Consider that about one half of all local government revenues are linked in some way to real
estate, whether it is valuations for local property taxes to revenues and fees from real estate
transactions.

Compounding this dire situation is the fact that many state governments are cutting or
eliminating general aid and other programs to cities and local governments that we have
traditionally relied upon to deliver basic services.

In my many years of service in local elected office, mostly as Mayor of Trenton, I have never
seen anything that comes close to approximating the fiscal conditions my city is now facing.
Foreclosures are at record levels, local revenues are down substantially, and looming state
budget cuts are at unprecedented levels.

More than one year ago, I set forth my “Trenton Green” initiative to put my city on a path to
green collar careers, new green jobs and a greener economy. We went to work on a number of
energy conservation, energy efficiency and renewable energy production initiatives, with a
particular emphasis on developing green collar careers for our citizens. It is an effort that
reaches out broadly to our citizens and embraces new partnerships with the private sector,
non-profit agencies, the local utility, state government and its agencies, and the federal
government.

One year later, I am confronting unprecedented fiscal challenges, forcing the City to cut our
workforce and the autonomous library to trim back its hours, among a broad array of tough
decisions, all to align available revenues with future expenditures. There is no end in sight, and
it is still getting worse. This means for my city, and so many others throughout the U.S., we are
already losing ground on our current energy and climate initiatives, with the potential for even
greater retrenchment in coming months.

Early last year, anticipating these conditions, I directed the Conference’s Mayors Climate
Protection Center to undertake a survey examining some of these fiscal challenges.
Conducted in May 2008, nearly three in four mayors – at that time – were already reporting
economic problems, specifically local revenue constraints, which were adversely affecting their
financial commitments to local initiatives to help meet the goals set forth in the Mayors Climate
Protection Agreement. This was the period of time during the run up in oil prices, notably
gasoline and diesel fuel costs, that only pushed a weakening U.S. economy further into
decline, reminding us of the critical need to reduce our dependency on foreign energy supplies
by conserving and using our energy resources more efficiently and by shifting to greater
reliance on renewable energy sources here in the U.S.

Especially relevant to the need for funding the energy block grant program in the economic
recovery plan was the finding that 82 percent of cities reported that lack of resources was the
single largest obstacle to making progress on their local energy and climate goals. These
results were prior to the economic meltdown and job losses that we experienced throughout
the fall of last year.

The bottom line, Mr. Chairman, is that we are in the midst of a perfect economic storm and we
simply do not have the resources to maintain current services. New energy and climate
programs that are in the near-term and long-term interest of the nation and are the key to our
future prosperity are simply out of reach, unless we have energy block grant resources to help
us build on the momentum that we have begun through the Mayors Climate Protection
Agreement and other initiatives.

On the macro level, we project that 94% of our nation’s economic growth will occur in our
metro areas over the next 20 years, and we know that long-term productivity of recovery
spending is greater when it is invested in locally-based projects and activities where economic
growth will occur. Mr. Chairman, 85 percent of job losses during this recession will occur in
our cities and their metro areas. Since these are the areas that have carried U.S. economic
growth, this is an alarming development. As such, we need a National Recovery Plan that
invests directly into these areas. Simply put, we need to create jobs where the unemployed
are, and we can create jobs in green economy sectors through the energy block grant and
other initiatives.

“Green” Economic Recovery Plan: Jobs, Stimulus & Local Environmental Goals
Mr. Chairman, mayors have been consistent in our views about the opportunity and the
necessity to put this nation on a path to a green economy. The economic plan you develop
can and must make the critical investments that will move the nation toward a greener
economy. This has certainly been a central theme of the mayors’ advocacy of the
Conference’s MainStreet Economic Recovery Plan.

First released in early November, the “ready-to-go” effort identified by the nation’s mayors
urges Congress and the new Administration to make a strong commitment to Main Street oriented investments that will create jobs and reinvigorate the economy, while moving the
nation toward greater energy independence and reduced greenhouse gas emissions.
To accomplish this, our plan urges, where possible, the use of existing delivery systems –
meaning those that already exist under current law. Our plan also urges you to focus
resources on existing communities and critical sectors, including energy efficiency and key
infrastructures.

Mr. Chairman, to support this MainStreet Recovery Plan, we are continually surveying our
Mayors on investments that can immediately stimulate job creation from completed projects
before the end of 2010. This weekend, we will release an updated survey of these “ready to go” projects that illustrate the variety and range of investments that could be made in cities all
across the country. Mr. Chairman, this is not an earmark list, rather it is a demonstration of the
capacity of Mayors and their cities to aid in the nation’s economic recovery through a myriad of
investments.

Our earlier findings show that 942 projects have been identified in just these 427 cities for
potential EECBG funding, resulting in a total investment of $6.2 billion and creating 38,732
jobs. This weekend, the Conference will release its updated survey results, based on
responses from 779 cities.

Based on this research, we project that for each $1 billion in EECBG funding, about 10,000
local jobs in our cities would be created, exclusive of the many other direct jobs in
manufacturing and other direct and indirect jobs that will result.

These jobs, funded through the EECBG program, would be created in cities, counties, and
throughout the states by investment in thousands of energy efficiency and renewable energy
production projects. As provided by the law, these projects could include energy retrofits of
public and private buildings in local areas, installation of solar panels or wind turbines for the
production of electricity on local buildings, deployment of new energy distribution technologies
(such as distributed generation or district heating and cooling systems) that significantly
increase energy efficiency, and development of systems to capture and generate power from
methane at landfills.

Allocation of Stimulus Funds between States and Cities

Mr. Chairman, we believe the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant Program, as
enacted, provides a balanced allocation of funds among major cities and counties and their
respective states, with particular protections for less populated states. This program was
vetted in hearings and deliberations during the legislative debate on the last energy bill. The
net result is a distribution of funds based on relative population shares, which we believe is fair

and balanced. Below is a graphic depiction of the distribution of these funds under the program
as authorized in 2007.

Closing Comments

Mr. Chairman, the nation’s mayors are “ready to go” with green energy efficiency and
renewable projects that have both short- and long-term benefits. We know that the U.S.
Department of Energy is now finalizing a policy guidance to distribute EECBG funds promptly
and effectively, to ensure this program is ready to contribute to the nation’s economic recovery.
On behalf of the nation’s mayors, we thank you for this opportunity to testify today.

Corzine Comments on Appellate Court's Decision

noreply@blogger.com (Trentonian) — Mon, 12 Jan 2009 19:13:00 +0000

TRENTON - Gov. Jon S. Corzine released the following statement regarding the State Court of Appeals decision.

"I am pleased with the court's decision. The judges agreed that we properly asserted executive privilege in this case. This is a significant decision because it ensures that future governors will continue to have the ability to solicity or receive advice in order to best perform the duties of the office."

Saving taxpayers money

noreply@blogger.com (Trentonian) — Sat, 03 Jan 2009 23:08:00 +0000

TRENTON - Legislation Assemblywoman Pamela R. Lampitt and Assemblyman Reed Gusciora sponsored to require state reports to be filed electronically instead of being printed and manually distributed is closer to law.

The bill recently passed the Assembly and heads to the Senate for consideration.
"It's astonishing that in the age of electronic communications the state remains mired in a paper-and-ink mentality," said Lampitt (D-Camden).

"Tax dollars that should otherwise go to shore-up worthy programs are being drained by obsolete reporting requirements. With the predominance of e-mail and the Internet, it's astounding that we can't modernize the processes of state government fast enough. The savings on postage alone could make this change pay for itself."

The Lampitt/Gusciora bill (A-2642) would require all periodic reports required by law to be presented to the Governor or the Legislature to be submitted electronically. A notice of the availability of the report would similarly be transmitted electronically to the state librarian.

The Office of Legislative Services (OLS) has been unable to estimate the exact savings that could be gleaned by changing the reporting requirements, but has noted that about 1,200 reports are required to be submitted annually by state offices - though as few as 400 might actually be produced.

"Mandating reports to be presented in hard-copy wastes paper and tax dollars," said Gusciora (D-Mercer). "The current reporting requirements evoke images of rotary phones, mimeographs and Studebakers.

New Jersey simply needs to get with the times."

The bill has been received in the Senate and referred to Senate State Government Committee.

Greenwald Comments on budget cuts

noreply@blogger.com (Trentonian) — Sat, 03 Jan 2009 23:02:00 +0000

TRENTON – Assembly Budget Chairman Louis D. Greenwald (D-Camden) made the
following statement today in response to Gov. Jon S. Corzine’s mid-year budget cuts:

“We’re living through historic events and we need everyone to rally together and share
the pain. It’s about riding out this storm. No one is going to shoulder all of it, but we need
everybody to pitch in.”

Blue Ribbon Panel to Spur Economic Development

noreply@blogger.com (Trentonian) — Tue, 23 Dec 2008 17:37:00 +0000

TRENTON - Gov. Jon S. Corzine today announced on Tuesday the formation of a blue ribbon advisory panel known as the New Jersey Real Estate Advisory Board. The panel will be comprised of economic development leaders throughout the State, representing a cross-section of New Jersey's major industry sectors.

"New Jersey cannot stand idly by while America's financial crisis continues to evolve," Governor Corzine said. "I look forward to collaborating with these talented industry leaders to craft policies that will help see New Jersey through this current economic crisis and move the State toward a path of recovery."

The advisory panel will support the initiatives outlined in Governor Corzine's Economic Assistance and Recovery Plan, which was announced in October.

Board members will meet regularly and work closely with the Governor's Office of Economic Growth as well as other State Departments to encourage economic development and revitalization across the state, enhance New Jersey's appeal to investors and businesses, and serve as good will "ambassadors" for the State to recruit businesses to locate and expand in New Jersey.

"New Jersey's businesses play an integral role in the continued economic prosperity of our state," said Jerry Zaro, Chief of the Governor's Office of Economic Growth. "The Real Estate Advisory Board will bring together some of the best and brightest in the state's development community to work to create jobs, revenues and economic stability during this national recession."

The new Board, which will serve as an informal advisory commission to the Governor, will be chaired by Joseph Taylor, CEO of Matrix Development Group. The remaining membership will represent the following sectors: Academic, Banking/Lending, Commercial, Construction Management, Housing, Industrial, Law, Office, Trade Organization, Retail, Risk Management, Broker/Dealers and Investors.

New Jersey Real Estate Advisory Board Members
Joseph Taylor (Chair)
Holly Bakke
Mitchell Berkey
Joseph Bonner
Carl Goldberg
Jarrod Grasso
William F. Harrison
Mitchell Hersh
Karen Hudgins
Michael Kasparian
Richard LeFrak
David Listokin
Joseph Marino
Gil Medina
William O'Dea
Joe Plumeri
Steve Pozycki
Joseph Riggs
John Saraceno
Ralph Salerno
Leo Schoffer
Seena Stein
Emmanuel Stern
Paul Teti
Tim Touhey
Gretchen Wilcox
Zgyi Wilf
Eric Witmondt
Ted Zangari

Pelosi: Jobless Claims Show Need For Economic Recovery

noreply@blogger.com (Trentonian) — Thu, 18 Dec 2008 20:48:00 +0000

Washington, D.C. – Speaker Nancy Pelosi released the following statement on Thursday on the latest economic news that 554,000 Americans filed for jobless claims:

“Today’s jobless claims again illustrate the struggles that workers are facing as they search for jobs, worry about layoffs, or fight to make ends meet. It is critical that Democrats and Republicans work together to ensure that the new year is a time of new economic opportunities for all Americans. Congress is working with the incoming Obama Administration to pass at the earliest date an economic recovery plan to provide immediate relief to Americans, to create or save 2.5 million American jobs, and to make long-term investments to strengthen the economy.

“One action the Bush Administration can take immediately to help stabilize the economy is to use its legal authority to provide assistance to prevent the imminent insolvency of the domestic auto industry. With 2 million American jobs riding on the outcome, the Administration should provide this assistance with tough accountability standards and an insistence on shared sacrifice, as was included in the package negotiated between the White House and the Congress and passed by the House.”

Corzine makes staff changes

noreply@blogger.com (Trentonian) — Tue, 16 Dec 2008 17:06:00 +0000

TRENTON - In light of President-elect Obama's appointment of Lisa Jackson to head the U.S. Environmental Protecton Agency, Gov. Jon Corzine acted quickly to replace Jackson with Chief Counsel Edward J. McBride Jr. as his chief of staff. McBride is expected to assume his new responsibilities immediately.

"When it comes to selecting a steward of the nation's environmental treasures, President-elect Obama could not have made a better choice than Lisa Jackson," Corzine commented on Jackson's nomination.

McBride will now manage the day-to-day operations of the Governor's Office and has served as chief counsel to Corzine since February 2008 and served as deputy chief counsel the previous two years. William J. Castner Jr. will now serve as chief counsel.

Other Corzine appointments:

Diane Legreide as deputy chief of staff
Michellene Davis as chief policy counsel
Albert J. Alvarez as deputy chief of staff
Jaimee Gilmartin as director of operations
Josh Zeitz as senior policy advisor

- Trentonian Online News Team

Lisa Jackson comments on appointment

noreply@blogger.com (Trentonian) — Tue, 16 Dec 2008 16:57:00 +0000

President-elect Barack Obama announced Monday that Lisa P. Jackson, chief of staff to NJ Gov. Jon S. Corzine, as his nominee to lead the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

"I am both humbled and honored by President-elect Obama's selection to lead the Environmental Protection Agency," Jackson said.

"I will always be grateful for the opportunity I was given to steward New Jersey's air, land, water and natural and historic resources. I will forever be grateful to Gov. Corzine and his confidence in me to serve as commissioner of the Department of Environmental Protection, and as his chief of staff. The tremendous strides we have made in New Jersey environmental policy would not have been possible without Gov. Corzine's strong leadership and support."

"For anyone who cares deeply, as I do, about our nation's environment and our citizens' quality of life, this appointment is a dream come true. From fighting climate change globally to preventing pollution locally, we face some of the most challenging and complex environmental issues of our times. The solutions may not be simple or easy, but on behalf of every American, I will work tirelessly to pursue them."

Source: Caroline Kennedy seeks NY senate seat

noreply@blogger.com (Trentonian) — Mon, 15 Dec 2008 21:03:00 +0000

By MICHAEL GORMLEY

Associated Press Writer

ALBANY, N.Y (AP) — Caroline Kennedy has told New York Gov. David Paterson she wants to be the state's next Senator, becoming the highest-profile person to actively lobby for the seat being vacated by Hillary Rodham Clinton.

Kennedy has told the Democratic governor she wants the job should Clinton be confirmed as secretary of state for President-elect Barack Obama, according to two people familiar with the conversations between Kennedy and Paterson.

The people spoke on the condition of anonymity Monday because neither Kennedy nor Paterson have acknowledged she is seeking the position.

If appointed by Paterson, the daughter of President John F. Kennedy would hold the seat once occupied by her late uncle, Robert F. Kennedy.

There was no immediate comment from the Kennedy family or from Paterson.
Paterson has sole authority to name a replacement for Clinton, who was first elected in 2000 and re-elected by a wide margin in 2006.

Over the past week, Kennedy has reached out to several prominent New York Democrats to tell them of her interest in the Senate seat. They included Joel Klein, chancellor of the New York City Department of Education; Kennedy worked closely with Klein as executive of Office of Strategic Partnerships for the New York City Department of Education, where she raised some $65 million for the city's schools.

Other Democrats who appear to be on Paterson's short list include New York Attorney General Andrew Cuomo, who won't say publicly if he's interested.

One of the early front-runners, Rep. Nydia Velazquez of Brooklyn, took herself out of the running Friday.

Paterson, a Democrat, will appoint someone to fill Clinton's seat for two years if she is confirmed as secretary of state. He is expected to tap someone who can raise a lot of money and help him politically when they run together on the 2010 ticket.

Other names in the mix include Nassau County District Executive Tom Suozzi, who is also a possible choice for lieutenant governor with Paterson in 2010; Buffalo Mayor Byron Brown; Bronx Borough President Adolfo Carrion Jr.; and Reps. Carolyn Maloney, Steve Israel, Jerrold Nadler, Kirsten Gillibrand and Brian Higgins.

Republicans wasted no time in criticizing Kennedy as unqualified for the job and unfamiliar with the state.

"If anything, it makes me more determined to run," said Rep. Peter King, a Long Island Republican who has already expressed his interest in the seat.

"As far as record of achievement I strongly believe that I'm much more qualified, much more experienced, and have an independent record," said King. "Nothing against Caroline Kennedy but I don't think anyone has a right to a seat."

Is he or isn't he?

noreply@blogger.com (Trentonian) — Fri, 12 Dec 2008 22:25:00 +0000

Rumors continue to fly around Trenton that Mayor Doug Palmer might be getting a job in Washington soon. Though Palmer repeatedly denies that he has been offered a job and is concentrating on the city's needs, political pundits believe otherwise.

Everyone wants to know if he is going to Washington. He was a staunch supporter of Hillary Clinton, now slated to be Secretary of State, and those close to the Clinton camp know that Hillary probably made a lot of promises to several politially connected people. Now at the state department, she can make good on a few.

The rumors about Palmer are so intense that even Tony Mack called this newspapeer seeking confirmation of the rumor and if Palmer will in fact hold a press conference announcing his resignation.

But alas it was not true. For now.

Who knows what tomorrow will bring.

There are several city council members - Paul Pintella, Manny Segura, Annette Lartigue - who are chomping at the bit at the possibility of being annoited as Palmer's replacement. But whoever takes Palmer's place in the future have very big political shoes to fill. Even though the residents don't see it, Trenton has amassed a huge power base because of Palmer and that power base leaves with Palmer and the city will be starting over again.

Palmer's legacy will stand for a long time and those seeking office will seek his blessing down the road. Unlike other urban politicians, Palmer has not just a local political slant but a national one. Having served and continues to serve on the national stage gives him a certain political clout that will take anyone else in the mayor's sport a long time to ascertain.

Political pundits are waiting for the king to be removed, but the king's presence will remain long after the king is gone. Many will disagree with this notion, but a Palmer blessing and connections has a greater and farther reach than those with only local one.

So, is Palmer going soon? Who can tell. But if he does go soon, his presence will be felft for a long time.

Trentonian Online News Team

Pelosi: High Unemployment Shows Need to Enact Economic Recovery Legislation

noreply@blogger.com (Trentonian) — Fri, 05 Dec 2008 00:17:00 +0000

Washington, D.C. – Speaker Nancy Pelosi released the following statement today on the Labor Department’s announcement that the number of Americans continuing to receive unemployment benefits last week topped 4 million, the highest level in nearly 26 years.

“Despite the high level of continuing unemployment, the Bush Administration and Senate Republicans are still opposed to legislation the House passed in September that would create jobs and address urgent nutrition and health needs for those hurt by the recession.

“America needs bipartisan action now to get our economy back on track. Our House-passed legislation would begin the process of economic recovery by investing in job-creating infrastructure projects and helping struggling Americans with emergency food assistance and prevent deep cuts in health care and essential services. At a minimum, President Bush should support providing emergency food assistance and aid to states to maintain health care coverage for millions of Americans this holiday season.

“I again call on President Bush and Senate Republicans to work with us and get our economy moving again.”

Coleman talks about 2nd chance hearing

noreply@blogger.com (Trentonian) — Mon, 24 Nov 2008 21:20:00 +0000

SOMERSET - Assembly Majority Leader Bonnie Watson Coleman said public input received today during the first of several hearings held to find ways to help those released from prison avoid returning to crime shows the need for quick legislative action.

The hearing focused on ensuring those who are incarcerated have support from loved ones and families.

The hearing held at First Baptist Church of Lincoln Gardens in Somerset brought together nearly 100 New Jerseyans, including: academic experts, social service specialists, advocates, prisoners, former inmates, the loved ones and families of those serving time and legislators.
Watson Coleman (D-Mercer) issued the following statement:

"Today's hearing provided invaluable insight into what's necessary to overhaul New Jersey's system to ensure inmates are connected with their families and loved ones, which is integral to them reclaiming their lives after having served time.

"The heartfelt testimony of former prisoners conveyed the harsh realities faced not only by those incarcerated but also by their loved ones and family. The majority of testimony points to the uphill battles fought by former prisoners, their spouses and children as they attempt to put their lives back together from the day of their incarceration and every single day thereafter.
"Facing scarce opportunities, sparse services and an unrelenting system makes it nearly impossible to for individuals who have done their time to overcome past mistakes and avoid returning to a life of crime.

Unfortunately, not only those who have violated the law are punished - 1.5 million children in this nation have a parent who is incarcerated.

"Advocates and experts adeptly framed how unbalanced the scales of justice are for the more than 18,000 inmates released from prison each year. These individuals repay their debt to society by serving time only to return to communities that remain unforgiving to them and their families as they rebuild their lives. The doors for housing, jobs and community opportunities are often closed to individuals who have served time.

"Today's testimony only strengthens my resolve to continue addressing this issue and to focus on the necessity of keeping inmates connected with their families and loved ones. That's key to their recovery and getting their lives back on track.

"We have a moral obligation to keep families unified because inmates do not do their time alone: their children, spouses, parents and loved ones also do the time. We must ensure that families are a critical part of rehabilitation and treatment to ensure the state prison system produces individuals who become productive members of society, not burdens on their families and communities. Doing so will have a critical positive impact on our state's recidivism rates.

"I appreciate the commitment of the more than 100 people who took the time to participate in our first hearing.

"The commitment of my esteemed colleagues who also took part in this hearing helped to raise awareness of the significance of families in the system. I want to thank my colleagues, including Peter J. Barnes, Jr. (D-Middlesex), Upendra Chivukula (D-Somerset), Albert Coutinho (D-Essex), Linda R. Greenstein (D-Middlesex/Mercer), Harvey Smith (D-Hudson) and Grace Spencer (D-Essex).

The next hearing will be held from 3- 8 p.m., Monday, Dec. 8 in Trenton at Shiloh Baptist Church.

Turner & Gusciora draft pension legislation

noreply@blogger.com (Trentonian) — Mon, 24 Nov 2008 21:18:00 +0000

TRENTON - Sen. Shirley Turner (D-Lawrence) and Assemblyman Reed Gusciora (D-Princeton) are drafting legislation to create quarterly reporting requirements for the Department of Treasury to share information about the State's pension fund management.

"There has been a lot of discussion lately about how our New Jersey pension fund is being managed. The problem is taxpayer money is spread out over many portfolios handled by private money managers and state pension fund managers," said Turner. "We need to know what investors and investments are doing well, so we can get a solid return."

In the past four months, the New Jersey pension fund has lost roughly 20% of its value. It was also reported that certain hedge funds received additional state investments, even though the funds were not doing well. These investments in hedge funds are just one part of the State's "alternative investments," designed to give a larger return but have risks attached.

"Everyone understands that the stock market and overall economy are suffering and no one is expecting large growth in our investments," explained Gusciora. "But the goal should be to reduce our risk so when crashes occur, large amounts of state money are not lost."

The legislators are proposing legislation to require a quarterly report from the Department of Treasury to the Legislature which would breakdown a comparison of gains and losses from private money managers and state pension funds mangers, as well as a breakdown of all investment strategies. This information would be used to determine if the state should discontinue the use of private investors and "alternative investments" and return to traditional investment strategies.

"The State has an obligation to provide the best return possible on its investments, even in tough economic times. By having information available about the benefits and risks of using outside investors and high risk investments, we can help mitigate the dangers and pitfalls," concluded Gusciora.

Coleman To Convene 'Second Chance' Hearings

noreply@blogger.com (Trentonian) — Mon, 17 Nov 2008 18:47:00 +0000

TRENTON – Assembly Majority Leader Bonnie Watson Coleman announced on Monday she will convene hearings throughout New Jersey on how services for inmates and their families can be improved to help released prisoners avoid returning to crime.

Watson Coleman said the “Second Chance Hearings” will hear from experts and citizens on how the state can overhaul programs to prevent recidivism and save taxpayer money.
New Jersey spends $30,000 to $40,000 per year per inmate, about twice as much as the per-pupil cost to educate a child.

“From a fiscal and a social perspective, it makes more sense to focus on keeping people out of jail,” Watson Coleman said.

Coleman said about 18,000 inmates are released from prison annually in New Jersey, often times into communities with limited jobs, housing and social services. The Majority Leader said the hearings will build consensus, understanding and support for more effective policies.

“Once a prisoner has served their time and paid their debt, we cannot shove them aside forever,” Watson Coleman said. “Many individuals who returned to a life of crime did so
because they felt they had no other choice. They would gladly take the opportunity to better their lives, but our system too often makes that impossible.”

The following hearings, all from 3 to 8 p.m., have been scheduled:

· Friday, Nov. 21 at First Baptist Church of Lincoln Gardens at 771 Somerset
St. in Somerset, where the Rev. DeForest "Buster" Soaries, a former secretary of state, is pastor.

· Monday Dec. 8 at Shiloh Baptist Church at 340 Rev. S. Howard Woodson Jr. Way (Calhoun Street) in Trenton.

· Thursday Dec. 11 at the Paul Robeson Campus Center at Rutgers Newark at
350 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard.

Watson Coleman spent about two months preparing for the hearings with a group that
included service providers, advocates and families of ex-offenders, including the New Jersey
Institute for Social Justice, Families Against Mandatory Minimums, the American Civil Liberties
Union and about 40 others.

Assemblywoman L. Grace Spencer (D-Essex/Union) and Assemblymen Albert Coutinho
(D-Essex/Union) and Joseph Cryan (D-Union) have been instrumental in organizing the
hearings.

“We need to address New Jersey’s lack of a substantive and strategic rehab plan for
exiting prison and the lack of flexibility in the system,” Watson Coleman said. “And it’s
important to remember that services cannot simply start when inmates are released. To give them the best chance at starting the ir lives anew, services must be available – and accessible – fromthe first day a person enters the prison system.”

The hearings will focus on, among other areas, the need for continuing education, literacy
services and trade school and substance abuse treatment programs behind bars, along with
finding ways to provide viable job training, employment and housing after being released.

“In fact, there’s no reason why someone shouldn’t be required to take courses while behind bars as part of their sentence or as a requirement of parole eligibility,” Watson Coleman said. “But a top component in my mind is the role of family. No better support group exists than family, and we should do everything in our power as legislators and policymakers to ensure that family plays a central role in the life of each individual. ”